Q1. What is tachycardia?

Ans: Tachycardia is a fast heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute when the person is at rest. It may be benign or fatal, depending on its nature and etiology.

Q2. What is a bad heart rate?

Ans: If the resting heart rate is always above 100 bpm (for an adult), it should be evaluated by a medical professional. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as a rate greater than 150 beats per minute and is a medical emergency.

Q3. Can tachycardia go away on its own?

Ans: Stress, exercise, and fever often cause sinus tachycardia that will correct when the stress, exercise, or fever is removed. Other forms (such as ventricular tachycardia) usually need medical intervention.

Q4. Is tachycardia similar to a heart attack?

Ans: No. A heart attack occurs when a person's blood supply to one part of the heart is cut off, and tachycardia is a rapid heart rate. These are distinct situations, although sometimes, a heart attack can lead to tachycardia.

Q5. What brings on a tachycardia attack?

Ans: They are triggered by stress, too much caffeine or alcohol, dehydration, thyroid issues, anaemia, some medications, and other heart conditions.

Q6. Is anxiety a cause for having a fast heart rate?

Ans: Yes. When a person is anxious, the body goes into its stress response and can induce sinus tachycardia. This is typically temporary and should go away when the anxiety passes.

Q7. What is the difference between arrhythmia and tachycardia?

Ans: Arrhythmia is a heart rate that is either too fast or too slow. Tachycardia is a particular kind of arrhythmia, or fast heartbeat.

Q8. Is there a cure for tachycardia that is permanent?

Ans: Some types, especially SVT, may be treated with catheter ablation, which can often be done permanently. Others will need long-term use of medication or devices.

Q9. How does tachycardia sound?

Ans: It is often felt as a pounding, fluttering, or racing sensation in the chest. Some people also experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort.

Q10. Which patient is at the highest risk of having tachycardia?

Ans: It is more dangerous for older adults, women (especially women with SVT), people who have heart disease, those who have thyroid disease, and those who have a family history of arrhythmia.

Q11. Can an abnormal heart rate be a problem while pregnant?

Ans: The heart rate normally increases during pregnancy. If tachycardia is ongoing or symptomatic, however, it should be examined by a physician, as it may have a negative impact on both the mother and the child.

Q12. Is it possible for children to have tachycardia?

Ans: Yes. Symptomatic arrhythmia in children and infants is most often caused by SVT. Children may experience heart rates of 180 to 220 bpm when having SVT.

Q13. With tachycardia, what foods or drinks should I avoid?

Ans: Reduce caffeine (coffee, tea, energy drinks), alcohol, and high-sodium foods. Avoid stimulant-containing supplements. Stay well hydrated.

Q14. Is tachycardia a cause of stroke?

Ans: Yes, especially in the case of atrial fibrillation. When a person has AFib, blood can pool and clot in the heart; if a clot travels to the brain, it can result in a stroke. That is why many people with AFib are prescribed anticoagulant medications.

Q15. When do I have to go to the emergency room for tachycardia?

Ans: If there is chest pain, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, or the heart rate is very fast and does not slow down, seek emergency medical care immediately. This may be a sign of ventricular tachycardia or another life-threatening condition.

Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatment Guide

What Is Tachycardia?

Tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat, or a condition where the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute for adults and above 150 for toddlers. It can start in the upper chambers (atria) or the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. There is not enough time for the heart to refill itself with blood between beats since the heart is beating too fast. This decreases blood and oxygen supply to the rest of the body, leading to symptoms.

While some people experience no sensation whatsoever, others may experience dizziness, chest pain, or fainting.

How Common Is Tachycardia?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the world's leading cause of death, includes tachycardia. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), in 2022, an estimated 19.8 million people died from CVDs, accounting for approximately 32% of all deaths globally. Over three-quarters of such deaths are in low- and middle-income countries.

There is a significant burden of this in India. The overall prevalence of CVD in the Indian population is 11%, with a higher prevalence in urban areas (12%) than rural areas (6%). India accounts for one in five of the world's burden of morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular diseases, particularly in the young age group.

Types of Tachycardia

Tachycardia can be categorised into two groups: Those that result from an abnormal signal originating in the right or left ventricle of the heart, and those that result from an abnormal signal coming from the atria or ventricles of the heart.

Sinus Tachycardia This is the most prevalent and least damaging. It is when the heart's own pacemaker (sinoatrial node), which helps it beat, does so at a higher-than-normal rate when the body is working hard during fever, stress, dehydration, or anxiety. It typically clears up with the removal of the trigger.
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Any fast heart rhythms (heart rate of 150–220 bpm) that begin in the upper chambers of the heart are included in SVT. Older persons are five times more likely than younger ones to be at risk.
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) and Atrial Flutter AFib and atrial flutter are the two most frequently encountered supraventricular arrhythmias in adults. AFib is a condition that occurs when the atria experience irregular and chaotic electrical activity. On the other hand, atrial flutter occurs when the atria beat rapidly but in a specific pattern.
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) VT begins in the lower chambers and can be life-threatening. Ventricular tachycardia is the cause of about 80% of wide-complex tachycardia. Prolonged (>30 seconds) VT is considered a medical emergency.

Symptoms of Tachycardia

Some individuals with tachycardia don't experience any symptoms at all. Others pick up on changes more rapidly. Common symptoms include:

Fast or pounding heartbeat (palpitations)
Shortness of breath
Chest pain or discomfort
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Fainting or near-fainting
Fatigue or weakness
Nausea

Causes and Risk Factors

Tachycardia occurs when the normal electrical signals of the heart are interrupted.

Common causes include:

High blood pressure
Coronary artery disease
Anaemia
Thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism)
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
Stress or anxiety
Pregnancy
Too much caffeine, alcohol or tobacco
Some medicines (Antidepressants, some antibiotics)
Low blood sugar

Risk factors include:

Family history of tachycardia or arrhythmia
Obesity
Diabetes
Disease of the kidney or lungs
Old age

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you have these symptoms, don't delay in seeking help:

If the heart rate is over 100 bpm and there is no obvious explanation for it.
Chest pain along with a fast heartbeat
Sudden dizziness or fainting
Inability to breathe when resting
Sudden onset and termination of rapid, irregular heartbeats
Signs that persist for over a few minutes

Ventricular tachycardia is an emergency condition. If the person or the person nearby becomes unconscious or does not have a pulse, dial emergency services as soon as possible.

How Is Tachycardia Diagnosed?

A doctor will start with a physical exam and medical history. Several tests help confirm the type and cause of tachycardia:

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): ECG/EKG uses electrodes on the chest, arms, and legs to measure the heart's electrical activity.
Holter Monitor: This is an ECG monitor that can be worn for 24-48 hours while you do your normal activities. It is capable of recording intermittent arrhythmia when a conventional ECG will not.
Event Monitor: Worn for up to 30 days, the event monitor is similar to a Holter monitor. Helpful in cases of infrequent symptoms.
Blood Tests: Ordered to exclude other causes of thyroid disorders, anaemia, electrolyte disorders, or other disorders.
Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart to assess its structure and function.
Electrophysiology (EP) Study: An EP study is a detailed test that maps the heart's electrical system. It is recommended in case other tests are inconclusive and also conducted prior to a procedure like catheter ablation.

Treatment Options for Tachycardia

Treatment of tachycardia will vary depending on its type, its cause, and the severity of the symptoms.

Medications Certain medications, such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, can reduce the heart rate. Antiarrhythmics are medications that control the heartbeat. People who have AFib may be prescribed a blood thinner to lower the risk of stroke.
Vagal Maneuvers There are some simple physical maneuvers that activate the vagus nerve and can reset SVT. These include bearing down (Valsalva maneuver) or gently pressing the neck. It should be done only under a doctor's supervision.
Cardioversion An electrical shock is given to the heart to normalise the rhythm. Reserved for situations when medications are insufficient or when an emergency is present.
Catheter Ablation A minimally invasive procedure using a thin tube (catheter) that is guided to the heart. The abnormal signals are destroyed using energy (radiofrequency or cryoablation), and the small area of tissue is destroyed. This can cure some forms of SVT.
Implantable Devices A pacemaker can provide electrical signals to keep the heart rate normal. Similarly, an ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) is a medical device that is placed into the body to recognise abnormal rhythms and to send an electric shock to correct them.
Lifestyle Changes Focus on limiting or avoiding caffeine and alcohol intake. If you’re a smoker, it is advisable to quit smoking. Practice stress management (exercise or mindfulness), treat underlying diseases, such as anaemia and thyroid disease, and stay well hydrated.

Complications of Untreated Tachycardia

Untreated tachycardia can cause complications, such as:

Blood clots and stroke
Heart failure
Frequent fainting (syncope)
Damage to the liver and kidneys (due to lack of blood flow)
Sudden cardiac arrest

Managing Tachycardia through Daily Habits

With the proper approach, it is possible to live with tachycardia. Just develop these daily habits

Monitor your heart rate regularly (using a wearable device may be helpful).
Use a symptom diary to see patterns or triggers.
Take medications as directed; do not miss doses.
Reduce caffeine, energy drinks, and tobacco.
Recognise the importance of rest, as it can make arrhythmias harder to control if you are tired.
Follow your doctor's exercise recommendations (usually light to moderate exercise is recommended).
Use yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises to manage stress.
Please attend all follow-up appointments.

Does Health Insurance Cover Tachycardia in India?

Is tachycardia covered under health insurance plans in India? Yes, tachycardia is a cardiovascular disease; health insurance policies in India cover it, based on policy conditions.

Most plans cover:

Hospitalisation for the treatment of arrhythmia (in-patient)
The cost of the treatment received prior to hospitalisation (usually within 30 days of hospitalisation)
Costs of post-hospitalisation care (usually for up to 60 days after leaving hospital)
Cardioversion, catheter ablation, ICD/pacemaker implantation, etc. procedures
Ambulance charges (generally up to a fixed limit)

Check the following before buying health insurance:

If cardiac arrhythmia is included in the covered condition list
Waiting periods for pre-existing cardiac conditions (can be 2-4 years) Sub-limits on specific procedures
Whether or not OPD consultations and medications are covered.
Connect cashless facility in the network hospitals

With the average claim for heart disease in India increasing drastically from 2019 to 2024, getting enough cardiac coverage has become a necessity. For those who have known heart disease, a sum of ₹10 lakh to ₹15 lakh is recommended, with a super top-up for extra coverage. Remember to thoroughly read the policy document and provide any pre-existing cardiac history at the time of purchase.

*Please note: This article is for information and does not provide medical advice. Please see your trusted healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.

FAQs

Q1. What is tachycardia?

Ans: Tachycardia is a fast heart rate that is more than 100 beats per minute when the person is at rest. It may be benign or fatal, depending on its nature and etiology.
Q2. What is a bad heart rate?

Ans: If the resting heart rate is always above 100 bpm (for an adult), it should be evaluated by a medical professional. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as a rate greater than 150 beats per minute and is a medical emergency.
Q3. Can tachycardia go away on its own?

Ans: Stress, exercise, and fever often cause sinus tachycardia that will correct when the stress, exercise, or fever is removed. Other forms (such as ventricular tachycardia) usually need medical intervention.
Q4. Is tachycardia similar to a heart attack?

Ans: No. A heart attack occurs when a person's blood supply to one part of the heart is cut off, and tachycardia is a rapid heart rate. These are distinct situations, although sometimes, a heart attack can lead to tachycardia.
Q5. What brings on a tachycardia attack?

Ans: They are triggered by stress, too much caffeine or alcohol, dehydration, thyroid issues, anaemia, some medications, and other heart conditions.
Q6. Is anxiety a cause for having a fast heart rate?

Ans: Yes. When a person is anxious, the body goes into its stress response and can induce sinus tachycardia. This is typically temporary and should go away when the anxiety passes.
Q7. What is the difference between arrhythmia and tachycardia?

Ans: Arrhythmia is a heart rate that is either too fast or too slow. Tachycardia is a particular kind of arrhythmia, or fast heartbeat.
Q8. Is there a cure for tachycardia that is permanent?

Ans: Some types, especially SVT, may be treated with catheter ablation, which can often be done permanently. Others will need long-term use of medication or devices.
Q9. How does tachycardia sound?

Ans: It is often felt as a pounding, fluttering, or racing sensation in the chest. Some people also experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort.
Q10. Which patient is at the highest risk of having tachycardia?

Ans: It is more dangerous for older adults, women (especially women with SVT), people who have heart disease, those who have thyroid disease, and those who have a family history of arrhythmia.
Q11. Can an abnormal heart rate be a problem while pregnant?

Ans: The heart rate normally increases during pregnancy. If tachycardia is ongoing or symptomatic, however, it should be examined by a physician, as it may have a negative impact on both the mother and the child.
Q12. Is it possible for children to have tachycardia?

Ans: Yes. Symptomatic arrhythmia in children and infants is most often caused by SVT. Children may experience heart rates of 180 to 220 bpm when having SVT.
Q13. With tachycardia, what foods or drinks should I avoid?

Ans: Reduce caffeine (coffee, tea, energy drinks), alcohol, and high-sodium foods. Avoid stimulant-containing supplements. Stay well hydrated.
Q14. Is tachycardia a cause of stroke?

Ans: Yes, especially in the case of atrial fibrillation. When a person has AFib, blood can pool and clot in the heart; if a clot travels to the brain, it can result in a stroke. That is why many people with AFib are prescribed anticoagulant medications.
Q15. When do I have to go to the emergency room for tachycardia?

Ans: If there is chest pain, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, or the heart rate is very fast and does not slow down, seek emergency medical care immediately. This may be a sign of ventricular tachycardia or another life-threatening condition.

Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Types, and Treatment Explained